Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers
1. What is Software Testing?
Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application to ensure it meets the requirements and is free of defects.
2. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?
Verification: Ensures the product is built correctly.
Validation: Ensures the right product is built.
3. What is a Test Case?
A test case is a set of conditions or steps used to test a specific function of the application.
What is Software Testing?
Answer: Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application to ensure it meets the required standards and is free from defects. It helps verify that the software works as expected and is reliable. What are the types of Software Testing? Answer: Manual Testing Automation Testing And under those:
Unit Testing Integration Testing System Testing Acceptance Testing Regression Testing Smoke & Sanity Testing
What is the difference between Verification and Validation?
Answer:
Verification: Ensures the product is built correctly (static testing).
Validation: Ensures the right product is built (dynamic testing).
What is the difference between QA and QC?
Answer:
QA (Quality Assurance): Process-oriented, focuses on preventing defects.
QC (Quality Control): Product-oriented, focuses on identifying defects.
What is a Test Case?
Answer: A test case is a set of conditions or steps used to verify a particular feature or functionality of an application.
-- Intermediate-Level Testing Questions
What is a Test Plan?
Answer: A test plan is a detailed document that outlines the test strategy, objectives, schedule, resources, and deliverables required for testing.
What is the Difference between Smoke and Sanity Testing?
Answer:
Smoke Testing: Preliminary test to check if the build is stable.
Sanity Testing: A narrow regression test to verify specific functionalities after changes.
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What is Regression Testing?
Answer: Testing existing functionality to ensure that recent code changes have not adversely affected existing features.
What is Defect Life Cycle?
Answer: The stages a defect goes through:
New → Assigned → Open → Fixed → Retest → Verified → Closed / Reopen
What is the Difference between Severity and Priority?
Answer:
Severity: Impact of the defect on the system (decided by tester).
Priority: Urgency of fixing the defect (decided by manager/client).
-- Advanced & Automation Testing Questions
What are the benefits of Automation Testing?
Answer:
Faster execution
Reusability of test scripts
Better accuracy
Supports regression testing
Saves manual effort over time
Which tools have you used for automation testing?
Answer: Common tools include:
Selenium
TestNG
JUnit
Cypress
Postman (API Testing)
JMeter (Performance Testing)
What is Selenium and its components?
Answer: Selenium is an open-source tool for automating web applications. It has four components:
Selenium IDE
Selenium RC (deprecated)
WebDriver
Selenium Grid
What is the Page Object Model (POM)?
Answer: It is a design pattern in Selenium that helps create object repositories for web elements. It improves code maintainability and reusability.
What is Continuous Integration (CI) in testing?
Answer: CI is a development practice where code changes are automatically tested and integrated into a shared repository several times a day using tools like Jenkins.
-- Behavioral Questions
How do you handle a situation when a developer disagrees with your defect?
Answer: I remain calm and explain the defect with clear steps, expected vs. actual results, logs/screenshots, and business impact. If needed, I involve a BA or lead to clarify.
How do you prioritize test cases for execution?
Answer: Based on:
Business impact
Critical functionalities
Areas affected by recent changes
Past defect density.
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