Software Testing
Software Testing is the process of verifying and validating a software application to ensure that it works correctly, meets business and user requirements, and is free from defects before it is released to end users.
The primary goal of software testing is to identify bugs, errors, or missing functionalities so they can be fixed before the software reaches customers. A software tester checks whether all features of the application work as expected under different conditions. This includes testing functions such as login, registration, search, payment, forms, and navigation.
Bug Reporting Process
When a defect is found, the tester creates a bug report with details such as:
- Steps to Reproduce
- Expected Result
- Actual Result
- Severity
- Priority
The development team fixes the defect, and the tester performs Retesting to verify that the issue has been resolved. The tester also performs Regression Testing to ensure that the new fix has not affected any existing functionality.
Types of Software Testing
1. Manual Testing
In Manual Testing, test cases are executed manually by the tester without using any automation tools.
- No programming knowledge is required for basic testing.
- Suitable for exploratory, usability, and ad-hoc testing.
- Performed by executing test cases manually.
2. Automation Testing
Automation Testing involves executing test cases automatically using scripts and testing tools.
- Selenium
- Cypress
- Playwright
- TestNG
- JUnit
Common programming languages used:
- Java
- Python
- JavaScript
- C#
Real-Time Example
Suppose a user enters valid login credentials, but instead of opening the dashboard, the application displays a blank page.
- Tester identifies the issue.
- Tester reports the bug.
- Developer fixes the issue.
- Tester performs Retesting.
- Tester executes Regression Testing.
- If everything works correctly, the bug is closed.
Interview Definition
"Software Testing is the process of verifying and validating a software application to ensure that it meets business requirements, functions as expected, and is free from defects before being released to users."
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